Author: Lutfi Mulyadi Surachman
Maslow hierarchy of needs follows the following order: Physiological, Safety, Social, Ego, and Self-actualization needs (Hamner and Organ, 1978). From these hierarchical needs, two major postulates which increase our understanding of motivation are as follows:
1.
Behavioral
motivator is not a satisfied need
2.
In
extent, the next higher level of necessity becomes the most influencing factor
of action once the lower level of needs is satisfied (Hamner and Organ, 1978,
139)
Self-actualization was the ultimate category of need in the Maslow framework.
This faith played a role as the fundamental aspect for the assumptions of Y
viewpoint of the McGregor’s motivational theory based on self-control,
self-direction, maturity and motivation (Mc Gregor 1960, 47-48).
Hygiene Motivation Theory Of Herzberg is frequently named as the theory of two factor. The focus of this
theory is on the motivational sources relevant to the work accomplishments
(Hall and Williams 1986, 6), (Pardee, 1990). Herzberg’s conclusion which
increase our understanding of motivation stated that dissatisfaction and
satisfaction of jobs are products of two different factors: hygiene factors
(dissatisfiers and satisfiers). Satisfiers are Acknowledgement, accomplishment,
Responsibility, Work itself, Growth and Development while Dissatisfiers are Supervision,
interpersonal relations, Status, Salary, Personal life, and Job Security (Mousner,
Snyderman, and Herzberg, 1959, 59-83). The use of hygiene by means of medicine
removing environmental social toxins (Duttweiler 1986, 371).
Need for achievement
theory of McClelland
The need to achieve something necessitates to master ideas, objects
and other people independently, and to improve self-esteem of someone by
deliberate exercise of his/her talents (Walace, Goldstein and Nathan 1987,289),
(Pardee, 1990). To increase our understanding of motivation, a set of factors
reflecting a high need of achievement was developed by McClelland:
1.
Achievers
love all situations which require their responsibility to solve problems.
2.
They
tend achieve moderate target with calculated risks.
3.
They
require real feedback their performance quality (McClelland and Johnson, 1984, 3)
Comparison and
contrasting influence on motivation of human in contemporary setting of work
Hersey showed
existing relationship between the frameworks of Herzberg and Maslow
The figure of Herzberg and Maslow relationship shows that part of
self- esteem and total self-actualization are people motivators while total
physiological, safety, social affiliation and part of self-esteem are the so
called hygiene factors. In contemporary work setting, people movement and
behavior in an organization always tends to get higher position or growth to
improve ability to get the part of self-esteem and total self-actualization –
the ultimate need. As a reaction to this action, social toxins may prohibit
someone who wants to get this ultimate need. Then to balance his life, he / she
needs hygiene factors which can neutralize the social toxins such as stressful
and cruel works by having basic needs of physiological, safety and friendly
affiliation.
McClelland and Herzberg relation can be analyzed based on the fact
that strong achievers have tendency to achieve the self-esteem and
self-actualization as motivators, and low achievers tend to be environmental
oriented. (Hersey and Blanchard, 1982, 61).
The theory
having best application in my personal and developmental journey
In my personal experience, the Maslow hierarchy of needs strongly
motivates me to behave. For instance, I have tendency to teach people with low
income and high academic potentials to improve their ability to success in
their exams for their dreamed university. Moreover, as a single teacher my
heart evolve and tend to love a smart interesting beautiful student having the
low income, and even want to marry her in the future to overcome his funding of
study. This means that I really want to have a strong self-esteem.
In developmental journey, the need for achievement theory of
McClelland strongly influence my characters especially my tendency on achieving
graduate school degrees. As a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics) lover, I always try to achieve everything by ways of scientists
and engineers who always try to see everything by questioning what the problem
is, how to solve it, and what the simple and smart solution are to be applied. Starting
from my undergraduate degree to my master degree in Physics, I still want to
achieve the next target of geophysical exploration studies in the PhD program
for the benefit of myself, my family, and international humanity. I really hope
to always keep in mind that I am a really strong achievers.
References
Hamner, W. Clay, and D Morgan. (1978). Organizational
Behavior An Applied Psychological Approach. Dallas: Business Publications.
McGregor, D., & Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J. E.
(2008). The human side of enterprise. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation Theories of
Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland.
Duttweiler, P. (1986). Educational excellence and motivating
teachers. Eric Journal the Clearinghouse.
McClelland, D., & W Jhonson, E. (1984). Learning to
achieve. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman & Co.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1982). Management Of
Organizational Behavior Utilizing Human Resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ :
Prentice - Hall.
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